AGARICUS BLAZEI

The medical + nutritional efficacy

The following data shows the effects of medicine, food and the related components of Agaricus Blazei and gives examples of experiments with Agaricus Blazei conducted up to the present. Further development of basic studies and clinical studies regarding Agaricus Blazei are expected.

Medical + nutritional efficacy ? Examples of experiments	Components that were studied.
Anti-tumor effects (Sacroma 180/mice, ip dispense) Macrophage of host, immunocytes such as complement, activation of reticuloendothelial system, indution & promotion of cytokins such as interferon, effective as BRM, life lengthening by immunity activation.	Polysaccharides beta - (1→3)- D-glucan, beta - (1→6)-D-glucan protein complex, acid hetero-glucan, xyloglucan, heteroglucan protein complex, glucose protein(lectin) etc.
Cancer inhibitation effects (HeLe cytostatic effect) Inhabiting effect on cancer cell proliferation by cytotoxicity.	Steroids 2 kinds of cervisterol derivative and 1 kind of ergo sterol oxidation derivative.
Cancer prevention effects Effects due to absorption and excreation of carcinogens.	Food Fiber Dyspeptic beta-D-glucan, Hetero Polysaccharide, Chitinous substance etc.
The Hypotensive Action (mouse, ip dispense)	Polysaccharide(beta-D-glucan),Polysaccharide protein complex, RNA complex
Hypotensive, cholesterol reduction, improvements in arterial sclerosis	Food fiber, lipid composed of un-saturated fatty acid (such as linolic acid).
Vitamin D2 Effect	Due to light field and heating of ergosterol.

As well as above there are the related components are not clear however improved effects are seen in cases of people who have taken a boiled extract solution or hydrated alcohol extract of Agaricus Blazei.

Expected Effects by Disease Type

The above are the list of diseases that are expected to be effected by Agaricus from the Japan Cancer Society and Japan Pharmacology Society General Meeting. We must have more administration experiments for more types of disease. However it is considered that the confirmation experiments on such effects as anti-cancer and anti-virus must take precedence. We are confident that this mushroom can meet those expectations.

Component Analysis

Analysis table of Agaricus Blazei that was published in Pennsylvania State University Medical Journal No.482.

1. Vitamins

Vitamins( mg/100g )		Polysaccharide contains Glucose
Vitamin B1	1.79	Mannan
Vitamin B2	5.20	Monnose
Pantothenic Acid	2.50	Pachymaran
Nicotic Acid	31.90	Xylose
Inositol	16.00	Galactose
Cholin	50.00	Glucose
Biotin ( Vit.H )	17.00
Vitamin C	86.00
Vitamin D2	5.58
Vitamin K2	5.00

2. Minerals

Minerals ( mg/100g )

Potassium (K2O)	55.95	Silicic Acid (SiO2)	1.32
Natrium (Na2O)	9.55	Zinc (Zn)	1.38
Calcium (CaO)	14.95	Cobalt (CO)	6.50
Iron (Fe2O2)	2.89	Phosphoric Acid (P2O5)	19.23
Aluminium (Al2O3)	0.08	Carbonic Acid (CO3)	9.40
Magnesium (MgO)	0.10	Copper (CuO)	0.25
Manganese (MnO)	0.04	Chlorine (C3)	4.38
Sulfur (SO2)	2.17

3. Nucleic Acid

Nucleic Acid

Adenin, Thymine, Cytosine, Guanine

4. Amino Acid

Amino Acid( mg/100g )

Isoleucin	918	Cysteine	280
Leucin	484	Thyrosin	692
Lysine	342	Alanine	350
Methionine	288	Asparatic acid	365
Phenylanine	171	Glutamic acid	1,940
Threonin	2.34	Glycine	224
Tryptophan	406	Proline	362
Valine	652	Serine	234
Arginine	416	Histidine	117

5. Enzymes

Enzymes

Peroxidase	Trypsinase	Raffinase
Esterase	Urease	Amigudarase
Lipase	Phanolase	Rennin
Lecithinase	Laccase	Pepsin
Tannase	Glycosidase	Erepsin
Pectase		Asparaginase
Saccharase	Dehydrogenase	Tyrosinase
Invertase	Saccharase	Chymase
Maltase	Peptidase	Adenylate cyclase
Trehalase	Decarboxylase	Oxidase
Cellulase	Enterokinase
Cellobiase	Fumarase	Protease
Amylase		Ligase
Lactoase	Lichenase	Catalase
Mannanase	Cytase	Trypsin
Glucosidase	Hemicellulase	Alliinase
Ligninase	Inulase	Luciferase
Emulsin	Pentosidase	Pachymanase

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4-Carbon Chloride (CCl4)

The Effects fir Hepatopathy

Table 1. Measurement of GOT, GPT and Lipid Peroxide in blood serum of rats.

Group		GOT(IU)	GPT(IU)	Lipid Peroxide ( nmol/l )
1	Normal	100+-3	17+-2	4.8+-0.5
2	C Cl4 administration	732+-34	76+-3	8.0+-0.9
3	C Cl4 + 0.25g Agaricus Blazei	351+-70	42+-5	3.6+-0.5
4	C Cl4 + 0.50 g Agaricus Blazei	245+-30	35+-5	2.7+-0.3

(*Figures; Mean +- SEM )

Table 2. Measurement of Glyceride nd Lipid Peroxide in blood serum of rats.

Group		Glyceride(mg/g)	Lipid Peroxide ( nmol/l )
1	Normal	13+-1	42+-3
2	C Cl4 administration	37+-2	175+-13
3	C Cl4 + 0.25g Agaricus Blazei	17+-3	111+-14
4	C Cl4 + 0.50 g Agaricus Blazei	12+-2	74+-8

(*Figures; Mean +- SEM )

Table 3. The Effects of Agaricus Blazei against administered corn oil peroxide.

Group		GOT(IU)	GPT(IU)	Glyceride(mg/dl)	Lipid Peroxide ( nmol/l )
1	Normal	56+-3	18+-1	74+-2	2.2+-0.4
2	Corn oil peroxide	102+-6	78+-6	518+-1.8	7.1+-1.6
3	Corn oil peroxide + Agaricus Blazei ( 0.5g / rat )	73+-4	29+-2	190+-21	3.2+-0.2

(*Figures; Mean +- SEM )
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The contents of research into macrophage activation

The effects of oral administration of anti-neoplastic polysasccharide ATSO and ATOM to mice abdominal macrophages.

Administration of anti-neoplastic polysaccharides coriolus ATSO and Agaricus Blazei ATOM in the abdominum of mice cause activation of complementary immunology. Activation of macrophages is also seen. It is considered that it plays an important roll in anti-neoplastic activity.

When ATSO and ATOM are orally administrated to mice, disappearance of Sarcoma 180 and the anti-neoplastic action against Ehrlich ascites-carcinoma which is related to life lengthening are noticed. Also it is considered that oral administration has some influence on the defence mechanism of organisms. Macrophages in the abdomin were increasing on the 5th - 7th day when these polysaccharides were orally administered to the mice. On the 10th day, it started decreasing and had a result of the equivalent to the positive control of zymosan.

The contents of complementary immunology activation

Agaricus Heterosistes Heinem et Goods

Agaricus Heterosistes body cells are finely, macromolecule polysaccharide fraction extracted by boiling water extraction ( AHP-M ) culture filterate polysaccharide ( AHP-F ) are recognized as being excellent anti-neoplastic against solid tumor Sarcoma 180 and like other anti-tumor polysaccharides they are recognized as having strong converse activity complementary immunology C3. In solid tumor Sarcoma 180 an anti-tumor effect was identified where AHP-O, AHP-M, AHP-F at dosage ranging between 0.1- 10mg / kg applied 10 times intra-peritonealy completely eliminated the tumor.

For anti-tumor activity against Ehrlich ascites carcinoma compared to the control group a life lengthening effect was recognised in both AHP-M and AHP-F.

In these polysaccharides, both C4 depleted human serum and a strong conversion of C3 incubated at 37℃ for 60 minutes were recognised. Also intra-peritonealy application in mice of these polysaccharides leads to abdominal macrophage activity and an increase of phagocytosis is recognized.

What are polysaccharides? What effects do they have?

Polysaccharide Pharmacological Activity

1. Producing cytokine (IL-1, IL-2) helps the antigen specific immune response of T- lymphocyte cells and B-lymphocyte cells, accentuates cell-interactive T-cells, cell- interactive function of activated macrophage and destroys tumor cells.
2. Producing cytokine such as colony-stimulating factors prompts the new formation of immunocompetent cells and plays an important roll in recovering leukocytes reduced by chemotherapy and radiotherapy for cancer treatment.
   *Important in preventing the reduction of leukocytes due to anti-cancer agents and anorexia

Elevated Blood Pressure, Arterial Sclerosis

There are three following mechanisms that are thinkable about Decholesterol Action of Agaricus Blazei.

1. Cholesterol, which is binding with LDL ( Low Density Lipoprotein; a carrier of cholesterol ), is called Bad-Cholesterol. LDL-Cholesterol is transferred to the arterial walls and causes atherosclerosis or coronary arteriosclerosis, and a high level of serum LDL-Cholesterol would be what se call a risk factor for heart infarction. This LDL binds with LDL receptor, and then, is transferred to the cells and enzymolized by lysosome. The LSL receptor is recycled on the surface of the membrane once every 10 or 20 minutes. This life span is considered to be from 10 to 30 hours. When the structure and the function of his receptor become weaker, LDL does not be decomposed and and becomes excessive in the blood. Agaricus Blazei would activate this receptor, increase regeneration on the surface of the membrane, and develop Decholesterol Action.
2. Binding Capacity (B.C)
   It has the actions to absorb and to excrete cholesterol.
3. The sterl in Agaricus Blazei would reveal Decholesterol Action by being in competitive antagonism with cholesterol esterification of fatty acids and depressing reabsorption of cholesterol from the ilea.

Though the above actions, Agaricus Blazei would reveal normalization of cholesterol, prevention of arterial sclerosis, an anti-clot activity of Agaricus Blazei itself, and a blood pressure normalizing effect. Moreover Agaricus Blazei is expected to relax arctation of blood tubes by noradrenalin, which is against sympathetic irritation, by keeping the balance of automatic nerve system, and to normalize the blood pressure.

What is Diabetes?

In the general, diabetes is the group of diseases whose common and basic disorder is the luck of Insulin Secretion or Insulin Action.

WHO (1985): Diabetes is the disease, which is seen by chronic elevated blood glucose under untreated conditions.

Causes

• Insulin Dependent Diabetes
  When beta cells of Langerhans islands in the pancreas are by disorder of the immune system, the consequent lack of insulin makes for a high blood glucose level. It has been found that Cell-Interactive T-Cell Macrophage or NK-Cell destroy pancreas beta cells.
• Insulin Dependent Diabetes
  90% are in this type, which features are Depression of Insulin Secretion (Lack of insulin) and Insulin Resistance. Producing the autoantibody to the insulin receptor on the surface of fatty cells inhabits the binding between insulin and the insulin receptor, and it consequently causes Insulin Resistance Diabetes.
Agaricus Blazei has immune double-controlling action, and is considered to have the action to normalize the excessive lymphocyte cells or macrophages. Polysaccharide, Polysaccharide-protein complex, and RNA complex have been pointed as concerned contents for the action to lower blood glucose with Mouth-ip Administration. Moreover, it would activate the function of pancreas and accelerate Insulin production by supplying amino acids or leads.
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About Hepatitis

The effects of Agaricus Blazei on Carbon Tetrachloride (CCl4) Hepatopathy

GOT & GPT in the serum of rats *figures; MEAN+-SEM

Group		GOT(IU)	GPT(IU)
1	Normal	100+-3	17+-2
2	CCl4Administration	732+-34	76+-3
3	CCl4+Agaricus Blazei 0.25g	351+-70	42+-5
4	CCl4+Agaricus Blazei 0.50g	245+-30	35+-5

As the measuring results seen above, the elevation of GOT and GPT in the groups of Agaricus Blazei was inhibited, compared with those in the group of CCl4.

Hepatitis B / Hepatitis C

Agaricus Blazei as Interferon-Inducer

The anti-virus action is revealed by the elevated cytokine-inducible action of interferon whose concerned components are beta-D-gulucanprotein complex, heterogulucan, and protein complex in Agaricus Blazei.

Cells procedure translational inhibitory protein (TIP) by Interferon. As this TIP binds with a ribosome in the cell and makes the translation of virus-mRNA impossible, it inhibits to compose some enzymes or coat-proteins needed to breed virus. However, as it does not inhibit the translation of cell-mRNA, the protein composition in the cell is performed normally.

Thus interferon has the non-toxic action on the cells of animals and shows selective toxic action to inhibit increasing virus.

Moreover, the mechanism of attacking cells, which are showing as virus antigens, with selective toxic action by activating each lymphocyte cell, is also important.

On the other hand, it has been expected to be more effective on the treatment of Hepatitis, as it increases the vascular flow in the liver and has an effect to protect the liver.

Allergy

It is a very important fact " The essentials of both Immunity and Allergy are the same." The relationship between Immunity and Allergy is like " a two-edged sword". It is the reason why both have two faces as the immune system works to prevent infections at some times but it hurts our own body as an allergic reaction at other times.

Allergy is a learning immunological reaction to the environmental factors that should be harmless originally. Therefore, the goals of an excellent cure are to relieve immunological overreaction and to inhibit allergic reaction such as sneeze, snivel, cough, or itchness under the existence of allergen. Modern medical treatment has more or less toxic actions. Because such treatment is generally to hold down those symptoms and consequently it is potential to increase reaction. The starting point of its treatment is seen behind the feature of Allergy, that is "Memorability" accompanied with "Specificity". The point is that learning patterns of reaction are not universal and the habits (Memorability), which the immune system has learned, can be also thrown out by the immune system itself.

One of the properties of Agaricus Blazei for the immune system is the double-controlling action, i.e. to raise immunity under conditions of reduced immunity and to inhibit it under its excessive conditions. It is important to correct the wrong habits that the immune system learned, by the normalization to induce Cytokine and activate Helper- T-Cell under reduced immunity, or to activate Suppressor-T-Cell and inhibit immune reaction under the excessive condition such as Allergy.

Research

Clinical effects of the mixture preparation (Kyowa Agaricus Blazei Murill powder and Shark Cartilage powder) on Dogs and Cats with advanced cancer.

SUMMARY

Antitumor effect and QOL(quality of life) testing by the mixture preparation (Kyowa Agaricus Blazei Murill powder with immunization and Shark cartilage powder with immunizator analgesic effect and inhibitor effect of new vessel : AB-P+SC) per os 24 dogs and 4 cats with advanced cancer were conducted. For antitumor effect, AB-P+SC was remarkably effective in 1, effective in 12. The clinical symptoms were aggravated in 11. For QOL testing, they were amelioration in 21, better in 5, no change in 1 and progress in 1. No adverse effect was clinically observed except temporary slushy feces in 1 case. AB-P+SC was confirmed to be support preparation of antitumor therapy and to improve QOL for animals with cancer.

Introduction

In antitumor therapy, methods such as surgical or radiation therapies approach to tumors directly. Those methods sometimes cause serious damage to patients. Immune therapies that reduce and inhibit increasing of tumors by enhancing immune ability of patients own have been studying in recent years, also many substances that raise immune ability have been studying. Aguricus Blazei Murill that is one of those substances is considered to effect in human cancer and attracts great attention. This Kyowa Agaricus Blazei has already been on market as health product for dogs and cats(Kyowa Shoji), It has reported that Agaricus Blazei has high safety and reduces inhibiting influence of immune by radiation exposure on dog and has effect to improve QOL for tumor bearing animals. On the other hand, there are substances that have antitumor effect by inhibiting building new nutrient vessels to tumors, shark cartilage powder is one of them. This time, the authors evaluated antitumor effect and QOL from application of the mixture preparation food of Agaricus Blazei Murill and shark cartilage on tumor bearing dogs and cats.

Material and Method

1. Preparation
The ration of Kyowa Agaricus Blazei Murill powder (100 mesh) and Shark cartilage powder is 1:1. They are in a dried powder (AB-P+SC) state.
2. Animals
22 dogs and 4 cats were diagnosed malignant tumor by cytological or histopathological and 2 dogs were diagnosed malignant tumor by x-ray CT findings, total 28 animals were used. The breakdown of tumor is 11 cases of intranasal tumor, 5 cases of breast cancer, 2 cases of each brain tumor and mast cell tumor, 1 case of each hepatic tumor, malignant fibrous histiocytoma, renal cancer, thymoma, spinal cord tumor, small intestinal gland cancer, fibrosarcoma, pulmonary fibrous cancer. Each stage is 12 cases of T3NOMO, 2 cases of T3N2M1, 1 case of each TINOMO, T2NOMO, T2cNOMO, T3N1Mo, both of the 2 cases of mast cell tumor were at stage 3. Other cases were not identified except for T3MO.

Combination therapy of direct antitumor therapy such as surgery, radiation and chemotherapy and Agaricus Blazei were applied in 18 cases, plus 10 cases used only this product (Agaricus Blazei) without any treatments or because of no effects by other antitumor therapies were studied. The average of age of dogs are 9 (5-14) years old, cats are 9 (7-14) years old.

3. Dosage and terms of dosage
0.1g of AB-P+SC per 1kg of weight was administrated orally once in a day. The cases that took over 30 days have been examined for terms of dosage.
4. Combination drugs
There were no restrictions of usage of combination drugs.
5. Effect
It has classified into quite good effect, good effect and adverse effect on table 1 for antitumor effectiveness, and improvement, good, no change and adverse for QOL effect on table 2 and decided the effectiveness.

Table1. Antitumor effect

Quite good effect	confirmed measurable lesions or clinical symptoms were reduced or disappeared.
Good effect	observed no tendency of obvious recurrences and increases of tumor during expected mean survival time against various therapies (including no treatments).
Adverse effect	confirmed recurrences or increases of tumor or measurable lesions during mean survival time after various therapies (including no treatments).

Table2. QOL effect

Improvement	improved obviously general symptoms such as appetite.
Good	not deteriorated general symptoms such as appetite despite of progress of disease.
No change	observed no tendency of recovering from deteriorated general symptoms such as appetite.
Adverse	observed deteriorated general condition

Test Results

1. Anti-tumor effect
   In 24 cases that we could judge the effects on anti-tumor showed quite good effect - 1 case, good -12 cases, adverse - 11 cases, this means 54.2% of the cases had effectiveness (quite good + good effect). The case that had quite good effect was 1 case (case no. 4) that was diagnosed as brain tumor by X-ray CT findings. This case was required administration of steroid drug once a week to ease symptoms of cerebral nerve. However, a month later after starting oral administration of the AB-P+SC, the administration term of steroid drug was prolonged to once in 2 weeks, then once a month, and about 2 years has passed after the final administration until now. In addition, the clinical symptoms were improved. At the moment, he just drags his right front and back legs slightly. The case No.3 that was judged as good effect was diagnosed unilateral renal adenocarcinoma, which was accounted for about 14% of the body weight when he first came to a hospital. After surgical extraction, oral administration of AB-P+SC has started. After that, it was detected a shadow of possibility of lung metastasis. This case died the 940th day after surgical operation.
2. QOL effect
   As showed on figure 2 for the total 28 cases for QOL effect, improvement-21 cases, good-5 cases, no change-1 case and adverse-1 case, that is 92.9% of them had good effect (improvement + good).
3. Side effect
   Only 1 case had a loose passage provisionally during administration of AB-P+SC.

Table3: Cases

No	species	sex	age	Weight(kg)	Disease	Admn.term	Sideeffect	Anti-tumorEffect	QOL Judge
1	Labrador	F	9	25	Malignant fibrous histiocytoma	110	N/D	Good	Good
2	Toy-poodle	F	11	2.4	Breast cancer	200+	N/D	Good	Improvement
3	Maltese	M	5	3.8	Renal adenocarcinoma	675+	N/D	Good	Improvement
4	Toy-poodle	M	7	3.4	Brain tumor	880*	Loose passage	Quite good	Improvement
5	Mongrel dog	F	11	16	Intranasal tumor	262+	N/D	Adverse	Improvement
6	Shizu	M	8	8.6	Intranasal tumor	472*	N/D	Good	Improvement
7	Shizu	M	11	3.2	Brain tumor	40+	N/D	Adverse	Adverse
8	MongrelDog	F	14	9	Thymoma	110+	N/D	Adverse	Improvement
9	Keltie	M	12	30	Intranasal tumor	1142*	N/D	Good	Improvement
10	Keltie	F	7	9	Spinal cord tumor	180+	N/D	Adverse	Improvement
11	Golden retlever	F	6	27.2	Intranasal tumor	372*	N/D	Adverse	Improvement
12	Beagle	F	8	12	Lung metastasis of breast cancer	352+	N/D	Adverse	Good
13	Beagle	F	8	8.5	Breast cancer	225*	N/D	Good	Good
14	Shizu	M	8	6	Intranasal tumor	200	N/D	Good	Improvement
15	Shiba-ken	M	10	11.8	Intranasal tumor	360*	N/D	Good	Improvement
16	Mongrel cat	M	11	4.5	Intranasal tumor	100+	N/D	Adverse	Improvement
17	Keltie	M	10	17.2	Intranasal tumor	30+	N/D	Adverse	No change
18	Maltese	F	12	4	Breast cancer	150*	N/D	Good	Improvement
19	Siberian husky	F	10	27.8	Intranasal tumor	225*	N/D	Adverse	Improvement
20	Mongrel cat	M	7	3.4	Small intestinal gland cancer	193	N/D	Impossible to judge	Improvement
21	Pug	F	9	6.6	Must cell tumor	72*	N/D	Adverse	Good
22	MongrelDog	F	13	10.2	Hepatic tumor	133+	N/D	Impossible to judge	Good
23	Keltie	F	13	11	Intranasal tumor	180	N/D	Good	Improvement
24	Pug	F	7	8.2	Must cell tumor	237*	N/D	Good	Improvement
25	Keltie	M	8	10.4	Intranasal tumor	70+	N/D	Adverse	Improvement
26	Himarayan	M	10	5.7	Fibrosarcoma	60*	N/D	Impossible to judge	Improvement
27	American short hair	M	8	5	Pulmonary fibrous cancer	250*	N/D	Impossible to judge	Improvement
28	Pug	F		8.4	Breast cancer	220*	N/D	Good	Improvement

Investigation

The clinical effects of immune therapy had big expectations because bacteriotherapies such as BCG, plant polysaccharide and low molecular weight compounds had developed in 1960. Then in vivo trace substances such as cytokine that has biologically active had found, and clinical application has started in 1980's. These therapies including non-specific immune activation drugs are named BRM (biological response modifier) therapy. Cancer biotherapy is defined the treatment that obtains anti-tumor effects through natural resistance in principle by administration of immunoreactive substance or some action. Kyowa Agaricus Blazei Murill powder contains water-soluble substances such as β-D glucan,　α-glucan, also non-water soluble polysaccharides such as protein glucan. It is said that these are effective on cellular immunity. In addition, it contains steroids that inhibit increase of cancer cells. It is reported that it has effects on hypoglycemic, hypotensive and hypolipidemic action as well. On the other hand, shark cartilage powder inhibits vascularisation that is essential nutrient supply path for proliferation of cancer cells. Also shark cartilage powder is known for analgesic effects to ease severe pain due to arthritis and immune enhancement effects to increase natural healing abilities. It is noted that vascularisation inhibitory action is related with protein that is called thrombospondin that is contained in chondroitin sulfate in muco-polysaccharide in shark cartilage. The inhibitory effect of thrombospodin is seen by non-heated used process. The powder size of the product we used for this examination was 1500 mesh, that is very fine powder. There are many 400 mesh powder products in market, however 1500 mesh reacts better than 400 mesh for inhibitory of vascularisation and has more action to increase leukocyte and blood platelet. In case of combination use of Agaricus Blazei Murill and shark cartilage, it is considered that it works better for immunocompetence and anti-tumor synergistically compared to single use. The author has already studied regarding to the effects of the combination use on dog immunity, he reported that it makes immunity damage recover faster after radiation exposure. The author and et al. examined anti-tumor and QOL effects using AB-P+SC on dogs and cats with cancer.

The rate of good anti-tumor effects was 54.2% (quite good effect + good effect). The cases that were decided good effect were 12 cases, that was 50% of the total. In spite of the standard of judgment for good effect was based the shortest average length of life on each tumor that was described various reports, 50% was not significant effect as anti-tumor effects. However, there were some cases that is to be thought it had effects on each cases, for example, in case No.3, primary epithelial renal adenocarcinoma, the day that was detected lung metastasis was 480th day and the life length was 940 days after surgical treatment, in spite of the average and median of life length are 6.8 and 8 months respectively after surgical operation of this kind of tumor and high possibility of metastasis of local lymph gland, kidney and lung. This is considered because of the results that AB-P+SC inhibited growth of metastasis tumor.

Regarding QOL effects, the rate of good effect was 92.9% including improvement and good results. Even the cases that were decided adverse on anti-tumor effect, it was admitted that many cases (animals) that had QOL improvement such as good appetite and leading normal life. It is considered significant influence of analgesic effect.

As above, AB-P+SC can be expected to have possibilities of the effectiveness as supplemental drugs after direct anti-tumor therapies or QOL improvement for incurable animals.

Conclusion

AB-P+SC was administrated orally to dogs and cats with cancer and anti-tumor and QOL effects were examined. As the result, it showed slight effects on anti-tumor effect but great effects on QOL. As above, AB-P+SC can be expected their effectiveness as supplemental drugs during anti-tumor treatment or on QOL improvement for animals with neoplastic disease.

References

1. K. Kobayashi, K. Shimizu, T. Kato, N. Funabashi, K. Shimada (1997) : Application of Kyowa Agaricus (Agaricus Blazei Murill) on small animals. Summaries of the 123rd Japan Veterinary Meeting, 258.
2. T. Muranaka, M. Fujita, K. Shigawa, C. Asaba, R. Hoshi, H.Orima, K. Shimizu (1997) : Application of Kyowa Agaricus(Agaricus Blazei Murill) on small animals, 1. Re: Dog's immunity by oral administration.
3. M. Narita, T. Okayama, A. Baba, Mituoka, K. Ishii, H. Uemura, T. Nishida, T. Sasaki, T. Horigushi, K, Hongo, K. Shimada, T. Utino (1998) : Tumors of small animals, Kyowa Agaricus(AB-P), Clinical application on hepatopathy, Clinical exam of small animals, 17(2): 31-41
4. Wang HK, TP. Ng, VE Ooi, WK. Liu and ST. Chng (1996) : A Polysaccharide-peptide complex from cultured mycelia f the mushroom Tricholoma mongolicum with Immunoenhancing and antitumor activities. Biochem Cell Biol..74(1):95-100
5. M. Fujita, k. Noe, M. Baba, K. Itani, N. Kurita, D. Hasegawa, A. Taniguchi, K. Nakagaki, H. Orima, K. Shimada (1999) : Dog's immunity that were administrated Kyowa Agaricus(Agaricus Blazei Murill) + Shark Cartilage Summaries of the 128th Japan Veterinary Meeting, 180
6. Klein, M.K., Cockerell, G.L., Harris, C.K., Withrow. S.J., Lulich, J.P., Ogilive, G.K., Norris, A.M., Harvey. H.J., Richardson. R.F., Fowler. J.D., Tomlinson J. and Henderson. R.A., (1987) : Canine primary renalneoplasms : A retrospective review of 54 cases. J. Am. Anim. Hosp. Assoc. 24 : 443-452.
7. Ogilive, G.K. and Moore. A.S.(1996): The method of treatment control of animals with cancer: pp.371-372, LLL seminar, Kagoshima, Japan